美国考虑加大欧洲和太平洋军事部署（中英双语）

青岛希尼尔翻译咨询有限公司（www.sinosenior.com）整理发布  2015-11-02

青岛希尼尔翻译公司（www.sinosenior.com）2015年11月2日了解到：美国海军新任作战部长约翰•理查森上将(Admiral John Richardson)表示，在俄罗斯军舰和潜艇活动升级至20年未见的水平之际，美国正就是否在欧洲部署更多海军力量展开辩论。The US is debating whether to position more naval assets in Europe as Russian warships and submarines operate at levels not seen in two decades, according to the new head of the US navy.

Admiral John Richardson, chief of naval operations, told the Financial Times the navy was reassessing its global posture in the face of the Russian activity, which stretches from the Black Sea and Mediterranean to the Pacific.
理查森向英国《金融时报》表示，面对从黑海和地中海一直到太平洋的俄罗斯海上活动，美国海军正在重新评估其全球部署。
“Their submarine force and their navy are as active as they have been in a long time — 20 years or so,” Adm Richardson said. “How are we going to posture our forces to make sure that we maintain the appropriate balance and are suitably engaged?”
理查森上将表示：“他们的潜艇力量和海军活动程度与很久以前——大约20年前——差不多。那么，我们要怎样部署我们的力量，才能确保我们能维持适当平衡、并恰当地介入？”
Adm Richardson said the navy was evaluating whether to boost its presence in Europe and the Pacific. “That is the conversation we are having right now.”
理查森上将表示，美国海军正在评估是否要加大在欧洲和太平洋的军事存在。“这是我们目前正在商讨的。”
While some of Russia’s activity stems from its involvement in Syria, its navy has been increasingly active elsewhere. Admiral Viktor Chirkov, head of the Russian navy, recently said Russian submarine patrols had risen 50 per cent from 2013.
尽管俄罗斯部分军事行动源自对叙利亚的介入，但其海军在其他地区也一直在加大活动力度。俄海军总司令维克托•奇尔科夫上将(Admiral Viktor Chirkov)最近表示，俄潜艇的巡逻活动已比2013年增加了50%。
US officials are particularly alarmed by signs that Russian submarines are monitoring telecommunications cables on the Atlantic seabed, in activity Adm Richardson said was “very concerning”.
有迹象显示俄潜艇在监听大西洋海底电信电缆，这令美国官员尤为警觉。理查森上将表示这类活动“极为令人关切”。
“It is very hard to reconstitute that type of traffic in any other channel,” he said. “That would be a threat against the other global system, the information system . . . which is linked to prosperity, linked to security.”
他说：“很难将这类通信改到其他渠道。这可能威胁到另一个全球体系，也就是信息体系……这个体系和繁荣有关，和安全有关。”
The Russian activity comes as the US conducts new operations in the South China Sea to counter Chinese activity there — assertive actions at sea and the construction of artificial islands — that many nations believe threatens freedom of navigation in waters that carry 30 per cent of global trade.
就在俄实施这些军事行动之际，美国在南中国海展开了新的行动，以对抗中国在南中国海的活动，包括在海上的强硬行为以及人工造岛活动。许多国家认为，中国的这些活动威胁到了南中国海的航行自由。目前，南中国海承载着全球30%的贸易。
Adm Richardson said the Russian and Chinese activity underscored the need for nations to adhere to maritime rules to ensure that global commerce and prosperity were not threatened. While the South China Sea is a main trade route, another 20 per cent of trade travels through the Mediterranean.
理查森上将表示，俄罗斯和中国的活动凸显出，各国有必要遵守海洋法，以确保全球商业和繁荣不受威胁。尽管南中国海是全球主要的贸易通道，但还有20%的贸易是经由地中海完成的。
The “ambiguous motivations” of China and Russia raised fears about the health of a global system that ensures freedom of navigation and unfettered trade. “It again perturbs that global system,” he said. “The current model is equal access for all . . . has that been threatened?”
中国和俄罗斯“含混不清的动机”，使得人们对这个为航行自由和贸易自由提供保障的全球体系的健康状况感到担忧。“这些活动再次扰乱了全球体系。”理查森上将表示，“当前的模式是所有国家拥有平等的通航权力……这一模式是不是已面临威胁？”
Adm Richardson said Russian President Vladimir Putin was trying to propel the country’s navy back on to the global stage to “make sure that they are being part of this whole conversation that’s emerging, that they’re seen as . . . serious players”, and that the phenomenon was “not a short-term thing”.
理查森上将表示，俄总统弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)正试图将俄罗斯海军再次推上全球舞台，以“确保它们是正在出现的整个对话的一部分，确保它们被……认真对待”，并确保这种现象“不是一时的”。
Russia has maintained strong military investment since the end of the cold war and had recently demonstrated the quality of its navy by firing cruise missiles at targets in Syria from warships in the Caspian Sea. “That is a significant capability, a significant demonstration,” Adm Richardson said.
自冷战结束以来，俄罗斯一直保持着对军事的强劲投入。最近，俄曾从位于里海的军舰向叙利亚境内目标发射巡航导弹，显示了其海军的水平。理查森上将表示：“那是一项令人瞩目的能力，一次令人瞩目的宣示。”
The Russian naval activity comes as the US also faces the prospect of a rapidly expanding Chinese navy. China protested last week when a US warship sailed near one of its man-made islands in the South China Sea, a move aimed at showing that the US does not recognise Chinese territorial claims.
此外，俄升级海军活动之际，美国还面临着中国海军迅速扩张的可能性。上周，当一艘美国军舰驶近中国在南中国海的一个人造岛屿时，中国方面表示了抗议。美国的这一举动，旨在宣示美国不承认中国的领土主张。
Adm Richardson pointed out that Washington did not object when Chinese ships recently passed through US territorial waters around the Aleutian Islands following a joint naval exercise with Russia. The US also says China is jeopardising a global maritime system that helped its economy grow dramatically over the past three decades.
理查森上将指出，中国军舰最近在和俄罗斯开展海军联合演习后，穿越了阿留申群岛周围的美国领海，当时美国政府并未表示反对。美国还表示，中国正危及全球海洋体系，而正是这一体系帮助中国经济在过去30年里实现了高速增长。
“In many ways, they are behaving in full compliance and even advocating for this rule of law. Their contribution to the counter-piracy task force is one [example]. They were very clear about their freedom of navigation operation around the Aleutians,” said Adm Richardson. “It is just in these other areas, in the South China Sea, they seem to be taking a different position.”
理查森上将表示：“从许多方面来说，他们完全遵循、甚至还提倡这种法治。他们对打击海盗的特遣部队的贡献就是一例。他们非常明确地阐明了自己在阿留申群岛周围的航行自由行动。只是在其他地区，在南中国海，他们似乎持不同立场。”
The US was also paying attention to the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea — which Japan controls but China claims as the Diaoyu — where Chinese ships routinely sail inside what Japan says are its territorial waters.
此外，美国还注意到了东中国海的尖阁诸岛（Senkaku Islands，中国称钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿；该群岛由日本控制，但中国声称对其拥有主权）。在那里，中国舰艇会定期在被日本人称为领海的水域航行。
“It’s something . . . you’ve just got to continue to pay close attention to,” he said. “While it might not be as tense as it was a couple of years ago . . . neither do we want to become complacent and take our eye off that part of the world as well and I don’t think that we are.”
他说：“对此……你必须继续予以密切关注。尽管那里的局势可能不像几年前那么紧张……但我们也不想掉以轻心、不再关注那块地方，而且我不认为我们对那里的局势满意。”来源：FT中文网

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